Academic Setting

Academic Degrees

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) - Doctor of the highest honour
In the context of academic degrees, the term philosophy does not refer solely to the field of philosophy, but is used in a broader sense in accordance with its original Greek meaning, which is "love of wisdom".

Doctor of Engineering (EngD) - a doctoral degree awarded on the basis of advanced study and research in engineering or applied sciences.
Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften (DrIng)

Doctor of Social Science (DSSc)

Doctor of Arts (ArtD)

Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)

Habilitation

The highest academic qualification a scholar can achieve by his or her own pursuit in many countries in Europe, Central Asia, Egypt and the Caucasus. Earned usually after obtaining a research doctorate, such as a PhD, habilitation requires that the candidate write a professorial thesis (or habilitation thesis) based on independent scholarship, reviewed by and defended before an academic committee in a process similar to that of the doctoral dissertation. However, the level of scholarship has to be considerably higher than that required for a research doctoral (PhD) thesis in terms of quality and quantity, and must be accomplished independently, in contrast with a PhD dissertation typically directed or guided by a faculty supervisor.

Academic Ranks

Emeritus
Endowed Chair
Professor
Docent
Lector
Postdoctoral Fellow